B. Hepatocellular carcinoma

B. Hepatocellular carcinoma:

The major established etiological factors of HCC include HBV and HCV infections, chronic alcoholism, NASH and aflatoxins.

Gross:

1. Specimen of enlarged liver

2. Cut section shows multifocal, large, grey white tumor masses of varying sizes

Microscopy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (1).png

Malignant tumor composed of polygonal cells arranged in sheets, trabecular and glandular patterns.
Tumor cells have pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli and moderate amount of cytoplasm.

Diagnosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Key Questions & Answers

1.What are the etiological factors associated with HCC ?

Major etilogical factors include viral hepatitis, alcohol, NASH, food contaminants such as aflatoxins.

Other conditions include tyrosinemia, glycogen storage disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and α1-antitrypsin deficiency.

2.Mention the histological variants of hepatocellular carcinoma

1) Hepatocellular carcinoma

- - Well differentiated
  - Moderately differentiated
  - Poorly differentiated

2) Fibrolamellar variant

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