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Atherosclerosis:
Atherosclerosis:
Chronic systemic disease characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas (deposition of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances) in large and medium-sized arteries that protrude into and obstruct the vascular lumen.
The modifiable risk factors associated include hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking and diabetes while the constitutional risk factors include increasing age, male gender, family history and genetic predisposition.
Gross:
Gross:
1. Segment of cut opened aorta
2. Intimal surface of aorta showing yellowish white lesions, slightly raised above the surface
Microscopy
Microscopy
Atherosclerosis.png
Sections show blood vessels with tunica intima, media and adventitial fibrosis
Atheromatous plaque bulging into the lumen with a superficial fibrous cap with smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix
Deep to fibrous cap is the necrotic core with disorganized mass of lipids, cholesterol clefts and foam cells.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Atherosclerosis
Key Questions & Answers
Key Questions & Answers
1.Define Atheroma
Ans: It is a deposition in the walls of the arteries caused by accumulated fatty deposits & scar tissue leading to restriction of the circulation and a risk of thromboembolism.
2.What are the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis.
Ans: Increasing age, hyperlipidemia, hypertention, cigarette smoking & diabetes.
3.What are the complications of the above lesions.
Ans: Rupture, Ulceration, Erosions Haemorrhage into plaque, Thromboembolism & Aneurysm formation.
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