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Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
Most common malignant tumor of the skin and often seen in the sun exposed areas. It is also seen in other tissues lined by stratified squamous epithelium like oral cavity, larynx, oesophagus, upper respiratory tract, penis, cervix and vagina.
It is a tumor of older men and is more common in whites who have less melanin to protect from the harmful effect of UV radiation.
The predisposing factors include
1. Sunlight – ultra violet radiation
2. Industrial carcinogens – tars & oils
3. Chronic ulcers – draining osteomyelitis
4. Scars - old burns
5. Ingestion of arsenicals
6. In oral cavity – tobacco & betel nut chewing
7. Immunosuppressed individuals
8. Certain viruses - HPV 16 and 18
The premalignant lesions include:
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Leukoplakia
Junctional nevus
Gross:
Gross:
1. Cauliflower like growth
2. Tumor is seen infiltrating into the surrounding tissue
Microscopy:
Microscopy:
Squamous cell carcinoma.png
1. Clusters of malignant squamous epithelial cells seen in epidermis and invading the dermis in sheets and clusters with breach in the basement membrane
2. Tumor cells are polygonal and have eosinophilic cytoplasm and large hyperchromatic nuclei
3. Few keratin pearls (squamous eddies) are seen in the centre of nests of tumor cells
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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