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B. Chronic venous congestion lung:
B. Chronic venous congestion lung:
Chronic pulmonary congestion results due to left valvular or myocardial dysfunction
Gross:
Gross:
The lung is heavy, dark and solid
Frothy fluid (air mixed with fluid) ooze from the cut surface on squeezing
Microscopy:
Microscopy:
CVC Lung (1).png
1. Congested and ruptured alveolar capillaries resulting in intra alveolar accumulation of edema fluid and haemorrhage
2. Thickened alveolar septa, with dilated capillaries and fibrosis.
3. Heart failure cells within the alveoli. (Lysis of RBCs within the alveoli, release haemosiderin pigment which will be taken up by alveolar macrophages, the so-called heart failure cells).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Chronic venous congestion – lung
Key Questions & Answers
Key Questions & Answers
1. Mention the cause of chronic venous congestion of lung
Left heart failure
2. What is brown induration?
This refers to the heavy and firm lungs which on cut section is rusty brown in colour. This results due to fibrosis and hemosiderin pigmentation of the lungs due to long standing chronic venous congestion . Rupture of congested capillaries in CVC is followed by release of hemosiderin from RBCs. The alveolar macrophages engulf the hemosiderin and further death of these cells with subsequent release of hemosiderin leads to lung fibrosis.
3. What are heart failure cells?
The alveolar macrophages that engulf the hemosiderin released by the ruptured RBCs in CVC lungs are termed as heart failure cells.
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