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A 60 year male presented with vomiting, altered sensorium and abdominal pain. 

Laboratory findings:

RBS                         - 600 mg/dl

Urine sugar               - 3+

Urine ketone bodies   - 2+

A. What is the diagnosis?  Write two points in favour of your diagnosis.

Diagnosis : Diabetic ketoacidosis

1. Patient has altered sensorium with vomiting and abdominal pain. Random blood glucose is 600mg and has glucosuria with urine sugar of 3+

2. Ketonuria is  present with urine ketone bodies of 2+

B. Mention the other causes of ketonuria. 

1. Diabetes mellitus

2. Starvation

3. Toxaemia of pregnancy

4. Clinical condition with severe vomiting

5. Glycogen storage disorder

C. Mention four complications of diabetes mellitus.

1. Diabetic neuropathy

2. Diabetic retinopathy

3. Diabetic nephropathy

4. Accelerated atherosclerosis