Chart-29

A 6- year- old child presented with massive edema and puffiness of face. 

Laboratory findings: 

Serum Albumin        - 1.5 gm % 

Serum cholesterol -     400 mg/dl 

Urine Analysis: 

Specific gravity -     1.027 

Total protein           - 5gm/24hrs

Microscopy -     Fat droplets +, Fatty casts ++ 

A. What is the diagnosis? Write two points in favour of your diagnosis. 

Diagnosis: Nephrotic syndrome

1. 6-year- old child presented having massive edema and puffiness of face with low serum albumin and high serum cholesterol

2. Has nephrotic range proteinuria (>3.5gm/day) with fatty cats and fat droplets in urine.

B.  Name three primary causes for the above syndrome.

1. Minimal change disease

2. Focal and Segmental glomerulosclerosis

3. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis