Chart-19

A 38- year- old male presented with cough and pain on the right side of chest.

X-ray chest: Right sided pleural effusion

Pleural fluid analysis:

 Appearance   - Turbid

 Proteins        - 4.5 gm %

 Sugar           - 70 mg %

 Cell count      - 1000 / cumm

Pleural fluid smear:

A. Identify the predominant cell type.

Lymphocyte

B.What is your diagnosis and write two points in favour of your diagnosis.

Diagnosis: Tubercular pleural effusion

1. Exudate with decreased glucose and increased cell count

2. Predominant cell type is lymphocyte

C. List any four causes for pleural effusion. 

1.Tuberculosis

2. Pneumonia

3. Congestive cardiac failure

4. Nephrotic syndrome

5. Cirrhosis

6. Pulmonary embolism

7. Autoimmune diseases

D. Mention two differences between transudate and exudate.